Endocrine Abstracts

Pituitary dysfunctions, reported as ‘hypopituitarism’ or ‘hypophysitis’, are relatively common side-effects induced by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibiting specific immune checkpoints. In particular, hypophysitis represents a distinctive side effect of CTLA4-blocking antibodies and is a new form of autoimmune pituitary disease.In initial trials, the incidence of hypophysitis induced by anti-CTLA4-mAbs (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) ...

Introduction: Embryonal antitumour modulator of Mkrtchyan (EATM) reveals a hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of EATM on the process of releasing of Nox of erythrocyte membranes (EM) and serum of patients with diabetes type 1 and 2.Materials and methods: The study included 12 patients with type 1 diabetes, 12 patients with type 2 diabetes and 12 healthy volunteers. Isolation ...

Introduction and aims: Obesity is associated with increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, which may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several biopsy studies showed the association between obesity and higher prevalence of CKD features, including segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and arterial sclerosis. Another approach is to study intra-renal hemodynamics by ultrasound, where renal parenchymal damage in obesity m...

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is rare, and may present with symptoms non-specific to hypercalcaemia.Case: A 35 years old 12/40 weeks pregnant lady presented to accident and emergency department with 6 weeks history of nausea and vomiting. On admission she felt anxious with ongoing nausea and numbness all over the body. She was a mother 2-year-old with no significant past medical history. Her medication on admission were; folic ...

Introduction: The N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family of G-protein-coupled receptors, originally identified to recognise N-formylated bacterial peptides, has in more recent times been shown to bind annexin-1 (ANXA1). ANXA1 is a signalling molecule well demonstrated to mediate two key glucocorticoid effects in the anterior pituitary: inhibition of ACTH release from corticotrophs and regulation of cell proliferation. Whilst previous RT-PCR studies have detec...

Thirty five patients (33 women, 2 men) age 26–67 who had calcifications in the thyroid gland in a result of ultrasound examination, the levels of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and microliters (Ca++, Mg++ and Phosphorus) have been determined as well. The level of 25(OH) in the studied groups were significantly reduced and was within the following range; 14 ± 7 ng/ml. Twenty five patients had hyperparathyroidism, which indicated ...

Sex steroid hormone-induced variations of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration are critical in determining the sex/gender-related differences in male and female pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. Although several substances present in the environment, defined endocrine disruptors (EDs), could interfere with androgen and estrogen effects, the sex/gender-related susceptibility of VSMC motility to these substances is completely unknown. Here, naringenin (Nar) and...

Background: The causes of symptomatic bradycardia/complete are multifactorial. Bradycardia/complete heart block may be drug induced, electrolyte imbalance, ischaemic heart disease, or thyroid dysfunction. Hypothyroidism and electrolyte disturbances are reversible.Objectives/aims: To dentify/find out whether thyroid function test where performed in patients presenting with bradycardia/CHB in keeping with good practice before insertion of permanent pace ma...

Recent advances in molecular pathology have improved our knowledge on the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors, as well as on their growth potential, likelihood of recurrence, and prognosis. The development of reliable and prognostically informative methods of assessing tumor behavior is particularly important in pituitary tumors, where no precise correlation exists between morphology and clinical aggressiveness. Specific morphologic features (macroscopic invasion of the perisella...

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension with an estimated prevalence between 6 and 12% of hypertensives and as high as 20% in patients with resistant hypertension. Among subtypes of PA, the two principal causes are Aldosterone Producing Adenoma (APA) and Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia (BAH, also known as idiopathic hyperaldosteronism). Recent evidence has suggested that recurrent somatic mutations of the KCNJ5 gene coding for the potassium c...